Yazar
Diyar SARAÇOĞLU
Bağımsız Araştırmacı (ORCID No: 0009 0000 1992 077X)

Özet

  • İsrail’in Filistin halkına yönelik baskı ve kontrol mekanizmaları, “dijital sömürgecilik” olarak adlandırılabilecek çok katmanlı bir teknolojik tahakküm aygıtıyla pekiştirilmekte ve otomatikleştirilmektedir. Bu aygıt; Filistin’in iletişim altyapısı üzerindeki mutlak denetim, nüfusu kontrol altında tutmak için kullanılan biyometrik ve algoritmik gözetim sistemleri ve Filistin anlatısının dijital platformlarda sistematik biçimde sansürlenmesi gibi araçlarla işlemektedir. Buna karşın Filistinliler, teknolojiyi bir direniş ve geleceği inşa etme aracı hâline getiren dijital mücadele pratikleri geliştirmektedir. Karşı-haritacılık projeleri, silinen kolektif hafızayı canlandıran dijital arşivler, sansürü aşma stratejileri ve teknoloji sektöründeki küresel dayanışma hareketleri bu direnişin temelini oluşturmaktadır. Bu makalede teknolojinin bu ikili karakteri, özgür bir Filistin için dijital egemenliği tahsis etme gayesiyle ele alınmaktadır.  

Summary

  • Israel’s mechanisms of oppression and control over the Palestinian people are reinforced and automated through a multi-layered technological apparatus of domination that can be described as “digital colonialism.” This apparatus operates through tools such as Israel’s absolute control over Palestine’s communication infrastructure, biometric and algorithmic surveillance systems used to monitor and control the population, and the systematic censorship of the Palestinian narrative on digital platforms. In response, Palestinians have developed digital resistance practices that transform technology into a means of defiance and future-building. Counter-mapping projects, digital archives that revive erased collective memory, strategies to bypass censorship, and global solidarity movements within the tech sector form the foundation of this resistance. This article examines the dual character of technology with the aim of establishing digital sovereignty for a free Palestine.

Anahtar Sözcükler / Keywords

  • TR: Dijital Sömürgecilik, Dijital İşgal, Otomatikleştirilmiş Apartheid, Filistin, Gözetim Teknolojileri
    EN: Digital Colonialism, Digital Occupation, Automated Apartheid, Palestine, Surveillance Technologies

Kaynaklar / References

  • 7amleh (2019). Connection Interrupted: Israel’s Control of the Palestinian ICT Infrastructure and Its Impact on Digital Rights. 7amleh. Erişim Tarihi 20 Haziran 2025, https://7amleh.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Report_7amleh_English_final.pdf 7amleh (2021). The Attacks on Palestinian Digital Rights. 7amleh. Erişim Tarihi 20 Haziran 2025, https://www.apc.org/en/news/7amleh-issues-new-report-documenting-recent-attacks-palestinian-digital-rights 7amleh (2023). 7amleh Annual Report 2022. 7amleh. Erişim Tarihi 20 Haziran 2025, https://7amleh.org/post/7amleh-publishes-its-annual-report-for-2022-year 7amleh (2024a). 7amleh Annual Report 2023. 7amleh. Erişim Tarihi 20 Haziran 2025, https://7amleh.org/post/7amleh-annual-report-2023 7amleh (2024b). Mid-Year Report 2024. 7amleh. Erişim Tarihi 20 Haziran 2025, https://7amleh.org/post/mid-year-report-2024 Al-Haq (2024). Condemning Microsoft’s Unjust Blocking of Palestinian Skype and Email Accounts. Al-Haq. Erişim Tarihi 20 Haziran 2025, https://www.alhaq.org/advocacy/23625.html Al Jazeera (2024). What is Project Nimbus, and why are Google workers protesting Israel deal?. Al Jazeera. Erişim Tarihi 20 Haziran 2025, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/4/23/what-is-project-nimbus-and-why-are-google-workers-protesting-israel-deal Amnesty International (2023). Automated Apartheid: How facial recognition fragments, segregates and controls Palestinians in the OPT. Amnesty International. Erişim Tarihi 20 Haziran 2025, https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde15/6701/2023/en/ Amnesty International (2024). Israel/OPT: Dutch Investor pushes for human rights safeguards to stop use of surveillance technology against Palestinians. Amnesty International. Erişim Tarihi 20 Haziran 2025, https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2024/07/israel-opt-dutch-investor-pushes-for-human-rights-safeguards-to-stop-use-of-surveillance-technology-against-palestinians/ Arafeh, N., Abdullah, W. F., ve Bahour, S. (2015). ICT: The Shackled Engine of Palestine’s Development. Al-Shabaka: The Palestinian Policy Network. Erişim Tarihi 20 Haziran 2025, https://al-shabaka.org/briefs/ict-the-shackled-engine-of-palestines-development/ Barclay, A. ve Al-Shihabi, M. (2024). Palestine Open Maps: Reappropriating the Colonizer’s Gaze. Jadaliyya. Erişim Tarihi 20 Haziran 2025, https://www.jadaliyya.com/Details/46592 Bevilacqua, I. (2021). E-scaping apartheid: Digital ventures of Zionist settler colonialism. Human Geography, 15(2), 220-228. Business & Human Rights Resource Centre (2023). OPT: Amnesty Intl. calls on cos. to stop supplying tech used “to implement system of apartheid”. Business & Human Rights Resource Centre. Erişim Tarihi 20 Haziran 2025, https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/latest-news/opt-amnesty-intl-calls-on-cos-to-stop-supplying-tech-used-to-implement-system-of-apartheid-in-light-of-new-evidence-facial-recognition-is-used-to-control-palestinians-freedoms-incl-co-comments/ Coleman, D. (2019). Digital Colonialism: The 21st Century Scramble for Africa through the Extraction and Control of User Data and the Limitations of Data Protection Laws. Michigan Journal of Race and Law, 24(2), 417-440. Derfner, L. (2014) Against spy revelations, Israel doth protest too much. +972 Magazine, Erişim Tarihi 21 Haziran 2025, https://www.972mag.com/against-spy-revelations-israel-doth-protest-too-much/ Hasan, D., Nazzal, A. ve Zidani S. (2025). Beating Algorithmic Discrimination: Maneuvering Digital Surveillance to Indigenize the Narrative. International Journal of Communication 19 (2025). Human Rights Watch (2023). Meta’s Broken Promises: Systemic Censorship of Palestine Content on Instagram and Facebook. Human Rights Watch. Erişim Tarihi 20 Haziran 2025, https://www.hrw.org/report/2023/12/21/metas-broken-promises/systemic-censorship-palestine-content-instagram-and Human Rights Watch (2024a). Questions and Answers: Israeli Military’s Use of Digital Tools in Gaza. Human Rights Watch. Erişim Tarihi 20 Haziran 2025, https://www.hrw.org/news/2024/09/10/questions-and-answers-israeli-militarys-use-digital-tools-gaza Human Rights Watch (2024b). Extermination and Acts of Genocide: Israel Deliberately Depriving Palestinians in Gaza of Water. Human Rights Watch. Erişim Tarihi 20 Haziran 2025, https://www.hrw.org/report/2024/12/19/extermination-and-acts-genocide/israel-deliberately-depriving-palestinians-gaza Kamil, M. (2020). Postspatial, Postcolonial: Accessing Palestine in the Digital. Social Text, 38(3), 55-82. Kharroub, T. (2021). Systematic Digital Repression: Social Media Censoring of Palestinian Voices. Arab Center Washington DC. Erişim Tarihi 20 Haziran 2025, https://arabcenterdc.org/resource/systematic-digital-repression-social-media-censoring-of-palestinian-voices/ Kwet, M. (2019). Digital colonialism: US empire and the new imperialism in the Global South. Race & Class, 60(4), 3-26. Loewenstein, A. (2024). Filistin Laboratuvarı. (Çev. Ö. Özarpacı), İstanbul: Metis. Palestine Open Maps (2024). About Palestine Open Maps. Palestine Open Maps web sayfası. Erişim Tarihi 20 Haziran 2025, https://palopenmaps.org/en/about Pg, A. (2023). Seeing the world like a Palestinian. Transnational Institute. Erişim Tarihi 20 Haziran 2025, https://www.tni.org/en/article/seeing-the-world-like-a-palestinian Promised Land Museum (2024). Palestine Open Maps Platform. Promised Land Museum. Erişim Tarihi 20 Haziran 2025, https://promisedlandmuseum.org/palestine-maps-platform/ Qannam, S., ve Abu Eisheh, J. (2023). Settler Colonialism and Digital Tools of Elimination in Palestinian Jerusalem. Jerusalem Quarterly, 93, 71-88. Sada Social (2024). A Year of Digital Erasure of Palestinians. WAFA - Palestine News Agency. Erişim Tarihi 20 Haziran 2025, https://english.wafa.ps/Pages/Details/149978 Sada Social (2025). Sada Social’s Annual Report on Digital Violations Against Palestinian Content. Sada Social. Erişim Tarihi 20 Haziran 2025, https://sada.social/post/almshr-alrkmy-2024-albad-balrkmn-altgss-mn-alrkak-ht-ktaa-alntrnt-2 Saraçoğlu, D. (2024). Filistin için Teknoloji oluşumunun kurucularından Paul Biggar ile söyleşi. bianet.org. Erişim Tarihi 21 Haziran 2025, https://bianet.org/haber/filistin-icin-teknoloji-olusumunun-kurucularindan-paul-biggar-ile-soylesi-298267 SMEX (2023). How the Israeli Occupation Restricts the Development of Internet Infrastructure in Palestine. SMEX. Erişim Tarihi 20 Haziran 2025, https://smex.org/how-the-israeli-occupation-restricts-the-development-of-internet-infrastructure-in-palestine/ Stop Killer Robots (2024). Visualizing Palestine’s “Killer AI” story and the power of digital storytelling. Stop Killer Robots. Erişim Tarihi 20 Haziran 2025, https://www.stopkillerrobots.org/killer-ai-and-digital-storytelling/ Tawil-Souri, H. (2012). Digital Occupation: Gaza’s High-Tech Enclosure. Journal of Palestine Studies, 41(2), 27-45. TIME (2024). Exclusive: Google Workers Revolt Over $1.2 Billion Israel Contract. TIME Magazine. Erişim Tarihi 20 Haziran 2025, https://time.com/6964364/exclusive-no-tech-for-apartheid-google-workers-protest-project-nimbus-1-2-billion-contract-with-israel/ UN ESCWA (2022). Palestine Under Occupation III: Mapping Israel’s Policies and Practices and their Economic Repercussions. United Nations. Erişim Tarihi 20 Haziran 2025, https://www.un.org/unispal/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/E.ESCWA_.CL6_.GCP_.2021.3_220722.pdf Visualizing Palestine (2024). About Us. Visualizing Palestine web sayfası. Erişim Tarihi 20 Haziran 2025, https://visualizingpalestine.org/about/ WACC Global (2019). How Israel controls Palestinian ICTs. WACC Global. Erişim Tarihi 20 Haziran 2025, https://waccglobal.org/how-israel-controls-palestinian-icts/ Wikipedia (2024a). Project Nimbus. Wikipedia. Erişim Tarihi 20 Haziran 2025, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Nimbus Wikipedia (2024b). Unit 8200. Wikipedia. Erişim Tarihi 20 Haziran 2025, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_8200 World Bank (2008). Israel and PA need to open Palestinian telecom sector to competition. World Bank. Erişim Tarihi 20 Haziran 2025, https://www.un.org/unispal/document/auto-insert-199399/ World Bank (2016). Telecommunication Sector Note in the Palestinian Territories: Missed Opportunity for Economic Development. World Bank. Erişim Tarihi 20 Haziran 2025, https://www.un.org/unispal/document/auto-insert-208451/ Zinn Education Project (2024). Visualizing Palestine. Zinn Education Project web sayfası. Erişim Tarihi 20 Haziran 2025, https://www.zinnedproject.org/materials/visualizing-palestine/

Geliş Tarihi / Received Date
  • 20.06.2025

Kabul Tarihi / Accepted Date
  • 05.07.2025